<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
	"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
	<title>ICT platforms for Indonesian EFL students viewed from gender during the COVID-19 pandemic | Apriani | Studies in English Language and Education</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta name="description" content="ICT platforms for Indonesian EFL students viewed from gender during the COVID-19 pandemic" />
			<meta name="keywords" content="barriers; gender; ICT platforms; ICT types; perception" />
	
	<link rel="icon" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/public/journals/40/journalFavicon_en_US.png" type="ERROR: cannot open `/var/zpanel/temp/phpAxxj3f&#039; (No such file or directory)" />
	<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" />

	<meta name="DC.Contributor.Sponsor" xml:lang="en" content="Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Eka Apriani"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Safnil Arsyad"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Syafryadin Syafryadin"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Dadan Supardan"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Paidi Gusmuliana"/>
	<meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Santiana Santiana"/>
	<meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-01-17"/>
	<meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2021-05-20"/>
	<meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-01-17"/>
	<meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2022-01-17"/>
	<meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content=" The aims of this study are to find out (1) ICT (Information and Communications Technology) platform used by male and female students from Islamic universities in Indonesia, (2) their perception of using ICT, and (3) their barriers to using ICT in English language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected from an online questionnaire (Google Form) from students majoring in English from seven Islamic universities in Indonesia. There were 30 male students and 30 female students from every university who participated in this research, making a total of 210 student respondents. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using the SPSS computer program. First of all, female students used more various types of ICT platforms compared to male students. Second, the female students viewed ICT use more positively than male students in language learning. And lastly, even though the females deemed ICT more optimistically compared to male students, nevertheless the females encountered more barriers in using the ICT platforms compared to the male students in this study. Again, even though male students were more skillful in ICT literacy than female students, female students constructively regarded ICT use in language learning as more beneficial to them in terms of skill, knowledge, and motivational improvement. "/>
	<meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/>
	<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="21089"/>
	<meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="187-202"/>
							<meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.24815/siele.v9i1.21089"/>
		<meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/21089"/>
	<meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/>
	<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2022 Eka Apriani, Safnil Arsyad, Syafryadin, Dadan Supardan, Paidi Gusmuliana, Santiana" />
	<meta name="DC.Rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/>
	<meta name="DC.Source" content="Studies in English Language and Education"/>
	<meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2461-0275"/>
	<meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="1"/>	<meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE"/>
	<meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="9"/>						<meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="barriers"/>
								<meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="gender"/>
								<meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="ICT platforms"/>
								<meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="ICT types"/>
								<meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="perception"/>
				<meta name="DC.Title" content="ICT platforms for Indonesian EFL students viewed from gender during the COVID-19 pandemic"/>
		<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/>
	<meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/>
		<meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1" />
	<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Studies in English Language and Education"/>
	<meta name="citation_issn" content="2461-0275"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Eka Apriani"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Safnil Arsyad"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Universitas Bengkulu"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Syafryadin Syafryadin"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Universitas Bengkulu"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Dadan Supardan"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Paidi Gusmuliana"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Curup"/>
        <meta name="citation_author" content="Santiana Santiana"/>
        <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Universitas Siliwangi"/>
<meta name="citation_title" content="ICT platforms for Indonesian EFL students viewed from gender during the COVID-19 pandemic"/>

				<meta name="citation_date" content="2022/01/17"/>
	
	<meta name="citation_volume" content="9"/>
	<meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/>

			<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="187"/>
				<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="202"/>
								<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.24815/siele.v9i1.21089"/>
		<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/21089"/>
	<meta name="citation_language" content="en"/>
						<meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="barriers"/>
								<meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="gender"/>
								<meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="ICT platforms"/>
								<meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="ICT types"/>
								<meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="perception"/>
									<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/download/21089/15205"/>
				

	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/styles/pkp.css" type="text/css" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/styles/common.css" type="text/css" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/common.css" type="text/css" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/compiled.css" type="text/css" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/articleView.css" type="text/css" />
			<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/styles/rtEmbedded.css" type="text/css" />
	
	
	
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/sidebar.css" type="text/css" />	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/leftSidebar.css" type="text/css" />	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/rightSidebar.css" type="text/css" />	<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/styles/bothSidebars.css" type="text/css" />
			<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/public/journals/40/custom.css" type="text/css" />
			<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/public/journals/40/journalStyleSheet.css" type="text/css" />
			<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/generic/doiInSummary/doi.css" type="text/css" />
	
	<!-- Base Jquery -->
	<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/jsapi"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		// Provide a local fallback if the CDN cannot be reached
		if (typeof google == 'undefined') {
			document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
			document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jqueryUi.min.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
		} else {
			google.load("jquery", "1.4.4");
			google.load("jqueryui", "1.8.6");
		}
	</script>
	
	<!-- Compiled scripts -->
			
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.tag-it.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.cookie.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/functions/fontController.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/functions/general.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/functions/jqueryValidatorI18n.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/classes/Helper.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/classes/ObjectProxy.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/classes/Handler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/classes/linkAction/LinkActionRequest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/classes/features/Feature.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/SiteHandler.js"></script><!-- Included only for namespace definition -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/UrlInDivHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/AutocompleteHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/ExtrasOnDemandHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/FormHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/AjaxFormHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/ClientFormHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/grid/GridHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/controllers/linkAction/LinkActionHandler.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/js/pages/search/SearchFormHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/js/statistics/ReportGeneratorFormHandler.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/generic/lucene/js/LuceneAutocompleteHandler.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.pkp.js"></script>	
	
	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/js/relatedItems.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/js/inlinePdf.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/js/pdfobject.js"></script>

</head>
<body id="pkp-common-openJournalSystems">

<div id="container">

<div id="header">
<div id="headerTitle">
<h1>
	<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/public/journals/40/pageHeaderTitleImage_en_US.png" width="885" height="102" alt="Page Header" />
</h1>
</div>
</div>

<div id="body">

	<div id="sidebar">
					<div id="leftSidebar">
				<div class="block custom" id="customblock-Cover">
	<p><img src="/public/site/images/sielle/cover_thumbnail1.png" alt="" width="100%" /></p>
</div>	<div class="block custom" id="customblock-Menu-Bar">
	<ul style="list-style-type: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; width: 100%; background-color: #651a1e;">
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/editorialPolicies#focusAndScope">Focus and Scope</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/editorialPolicies#peerReviewProcess">Peer Review Process</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/pages/view/ethics">Ethics Statement</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy">Open Access Policy</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/submissions#authorGuidelines">Author Guidelines</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/submissions#copyrightNotice">Copyright Notice</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/about/submissions#authorFees">Author Fees</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/pages/view/indexing">Abstracting &amp; Indexing</a></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: #da7176; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a style="display: block; padding: 10px; text-align: center; color: #ffffff;" href="/SiELE/pages/view/repo">Repository Policy</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>	<div class="block custom" id="customblock-All-issues">
	
</div>	
			</div>
							<div id="rightSidebar">
				<div class="block custom" id="customblock-Article-Template">
	<table style="width: 94.3%; height: 70px; background-color: #651a1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">
<tbody style="text-align: center;">
<tr><th style="opacity: .8; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff; text-align: center;"><a style="color: white; text-align: center;" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1301ZFP6RXQDdHKv-5khAw22d16jyjXFG/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">SiELE Article Template<br /> Download</a></span></span></th></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="line-height: 100%;">&nbsp;</div>
<table style="width: 94.3%; height: 70px; background-color: #651a1e; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">
<tbody style="text-align: center;">
<tr><th style="opacity: .8; text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff; text-align: center;"><a style="color: white; text-align: center;" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q24GqF5xEbpoathDmk9lLTepzT6G4LKwOxoa0IMKiJw/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Cover Letter Template<br /> Download</a></span></span></th></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- <div style="line-height: 100%;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="height: 100px; width: 93%; font-family: Arial, Verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #651a1e;">
 <div style="padding: 0px 16px;"> 
<div style="padding-top: 3px; line-height: 1;">  -->
<div style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="padding-top: 1px;"><!-- <div style="height: 4px; background-color: #dcdcdc;"> 
<div id="percentActBar" style="height: 4px; background-color: #007398;">&nbsp;</div> --></div>
<div style="width: 93%; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #651a1e;"><a title="SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank" href="https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101019622&amp;tip=sid&amp;exact=no"><img src="https://www.scimagojr.com/journal_img.php?id=21101019622" alt="SCImago Journal &amp; Country Rank" width="100%" /></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="height: 100px; width: 93%; font-family: Arial, Verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #651a1e;">
<div style="padding: 0px 16px;">
<div style="padding-top: 3px; line-height: 1;">
<div style="float: left; font-size: 28px;"><span id="citescoreVal" style="letter-spacing: -2px; display: inline-block; padding-top: 7px; line-height: .75;">0.3</span></div>
<div style="float: right; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 3px; text-align: right;"><span id="citescoreYearVal" style="display: block;">2020</span>CiteScore</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="padding-top: 3px;">
<div style="height: 4px; background-color: #dcdcdc;">
<div id="percentActBar" style="height: 4px; background-color: #007398;">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 11px;"><span id="citescorePerVal">78th percentile</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 12px; text-align: right;">Powered by &nbsp;<span><img style="width: 50px; height: 15px;" src="https://www.scopus.com/static/images/scopusLogoOrange.svg" alt="Scopus" /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>	<div class="block custom" id="customblock-StatCounter">
	<!-- Default Statcounter code for SiELE Journal
http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/siele -->
<script type="mce-mce-text/javascript">// <![CDATA[
var sc_project=11604020; 
var sc_invisible=0; 
var sc_security="2d7b4e0c"; 
var scJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ?
"https://secure." : "http://www.");
document.write("<sc"+"ript type='text/javascript' src='" +
scJsHost+
"statcounter.com/counter/counter.js'></"+"script>");
// ]]></script>
<noscript>&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;div class="statcounter"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a title="Web Analytics" href="http://statcounter.com/" target="_blank"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;img class="statcounter" src="//c.statcounter.com/11604020/0/2d7b4e0c/0/" alt="Web Analytics"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/div&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;</noscript><!-- End of Statcounter Code -->
<p><a href="http://statcounter.com/p11604020/?guest=1"><img src="/public/site/images/dinihanifa/statcounter_newapp_logo-13.png" alt="" /></a></p>
</div>	<div class="block" id="sidebarUser">
			<span class="blockTitle">User</span>
	
												<form method="post" action="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/login/signIn">
					<table>
						<tr>
							<td><label for="sidebar-username">Username</label></td>
							<td><input type="text" id="sidebar-username" name="username" value="" size="12" maxlength="32" class="textField" /></td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td><label for="sidebar-password">Password</label></td>
							<td><input type="password" id="sidebar-password" name="password" value="" size="12" class="textField" /></td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td colspan="2"><input type="checkbox" id="remember" name="remember" value="1" /> <label for="remember">Remember me</label></td>
						</tr>
						<tr>
							<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Login" class="button" /></td>
						</tr>
					</table>
				</form>
						</div><div class="block custom" id="customblock-Visitor-Counter">
	<p><a href="http://statcounter.com/p11604020/?guest=1" target="_blank"><img src="http://s05.flagcounter.com/countxl/956P/bg_FFFFFF/txt_000000/border_CCCCCC/columns_1/maxflags_10/viewers_0/labels_1/pageviews_1/flags_0/percent_0/" alt="" border="0" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>	<div class="block custom" id="customblock-Sponsored-by">
	
</div>	<div class="block" id="sidebarInformation">
	<span class="blockTitle">Information</span>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/information/readers">For Readers</a></li>		<li><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/information/authors">For Authors</a></li>		<li><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/information/librarians">For Librarians</a></li>	</ul>
</div>
<div class="block custom" id="customblock-Supported-by">
	<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;">Supported by</span></p>
<p><img src="/public/site/images/sielle/Supporter_Logo_USM1.png" alt="" /></p>
<p><img src="/public/site/images/sielle/uin.gif" alt="" width="87px" /></p>
<p><img src="/public/site/images/sielle/unja.gif" alt="" width="87px" /></p>
</div>	

<div class="block" id="sidebarRTArticleTools">

	<span class="blockTitle">Article Tools</span>
				<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/printArticle.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt="" /> <a href="javascript:openRTWindow('http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/rt/printerFriendly/21089/0');">Print this article</a>
		</div>
				<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/metadata.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt=""/> <a href="javascript:openRTWindow('http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/rt/metadata/21089/0');">Indexing metadata</a><br />
		</div>
				<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/citeArticle.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt=""/> <a href="javascript:openRTWindow('http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/rt/captureCite/21089/0');">How to cite item</a><br />
		</div>
					<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/findingReferences.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt=""/> <a href="javascript:openRTWindow('http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/rt/findingReferences/21089/0');">Finding References</a>
		</div>
					<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/emailArticle.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt=""/>
			Email this article <span style="font-size: 0.8em">(Login required)</span>		</div>
				<div class="articleToolItem">
			<img src="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/plugins/blocks/readingTools/icons/emailArticle.png" class="articleToolIcon" alt=""/>
			Email the author <span style="font-size: 0.8em">(Login required)</span>		</div>
		</div>

			</div>
			</div>

<div id="main">

<div id="navbar">
	<ul class="menu">
		<li id="home"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/index">Home</a></li>
		<li id="about"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/about">About</a></li>

					<li id="login"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/login">Login</a></li>
							<li id="register"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/user/register">Register</a></li>
										<li id="categories"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/index/search/categories">Categories</a></li>
							<li id="search"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/search">Search</a></li>
		
					<li id="current"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/issue/current">Current</a></li>
			<li id="archives"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/issue/archive">Archives</a></li>
		
					<li id="announcements"><a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/announcement">Announcements</a></li>
				

									<li class="navItem" id="navItem-0"><a href="http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/pages/view/Copyright">Copyright</a></li>
												<li class="navItem" id="navItem-1"><a href="http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/about/submissions#authorGuidelines">Guidelines</a></li>
												<li class="navItem" id="navItem-2"><a href="http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/pages/view/ethics">Publication Ethics</a></li>
						</ul>
</div>
<div id="breadcrumb">
	<a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/index" target="_parent">Home</a> &gt;
	<a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/issue/view/1913" target="_parent">Vol 9, No 1 (2022)</a> &gt;	<a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/21089/0" class="current" target="_parent">Apriani</a>
</div>

<div id="content">


	<div id="topBar">
					</div>
		
	<div id="articleTitle"><h3>ICT platforms for Indonesian EFL students viewed from gender during the COVID-19 pandemic</h3></div>
	<div id="authorString"><em>Eka Apriani, Safnil Arsyad, Syafryadin Syafryadin, Dadan Supardan, Paidi Gusmuliana, Santiana Santiana</em></div>
	<br />
			<div id="articleAbstract">
		<h4>Abstract</h4>
		<br />
		<div><p>The aims of this study are to find out (1) ICT (Information and Communications Technology) platform used by male and female students from Islamic universities in Indonesia, (2) their perception of using ICT, and (3) their barriers to using ICT in English language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected from an online questionnaire (Google Form) from students majoring in English from seven Islamic universities in Indonesia. There were 30 male students and 30 female students from every university who participated in this research, making a total of 210 student respondents. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using the SPSS computer program. First of all, female students used more various types of ICT platforms compared to male students. Second, the female students viewed ICT use more positively than male students in language learning. And lastly, even though the females deemed ICT more optimistically compared to male students, nevertheless the females encountered more barriers in using the ICT platforms compared to the male students in this study. Again, even though male students were more skillful in ICT literacy than female students, female students constructively regarded ICT use in language learning as more beneficial to them in terms of skill, knowledge, and motivational improvement.</p></div>
		<br />
		</div>
	
			<div id="articleSubject">
		<h4>Keywords</h4>
		<br />
		<div>barriers; gender; ICT platforms; ICT types; perception</div>
		<br />
		</div>
	
				
			<div id="articleFullText">
		<h4>Full Text:</h4>
									<a href="http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/SiELE/article/view/21089/15205" class="file" target="_parent">PDF</a>
														</div>
	
			<div id="articleCitations">
		<h4>References</h4>
		<br />
		<div>
							<p>Adesoji, F. (2011). Undergraduate students’ perception of the effectiveness of ICT use in improving teaching and learning in Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 4(7), 121-130.</p>
							<p>Adu, E. P., &amp; Olatundun, S. A. (2013). The use and management of ICT in schools: Strategies for school leaders. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 1(2), 10-16.</p>
							<p>Alkamel, M., &amp; Chouthaiwale, S. (2018). The use of ICT tools in English language teaching and learning: A literature review. Veda’s Journal of English Language and Literature-JOELL, 5(2), 29-33.</p>
							<p>Alkaromah, A. H., Fauziati, E., &amp; Asib, A. (2020). Students’ perception on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in English language teaching. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 3(1), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v3i1.9522</p>
							<p>Apriani, E. (2016). A new literacy: The role of technology to develop student’s character. Ta’dib: Journal of Islamic Education (Jurnal Pendidikan Islam), 21(1), 59-72.</p>
							<p>Apriani, E. (2017). Utilizing preservice English teachers’ strategies and classroom management at Junior High School in Rejang Lebong Regency. ENGLISH FRANCA: Academic Journal of English Language and Education, 1(2), 149- 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ef.v1i2.291</p>
							<p>Apriani, E., &amp; Hidayah, J. (2019). The ICT used by the English lecturers for non-English study program students at IAIN Curup. Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning, 8(1), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.21580/vjv8i13280</p>
							<p>Apriani, E., Inderawati, R., Arianti, A., Wati, S., &amp; Hakim, I. N. (2021). Implementing e-learning training toward English virtual lecturers: The process, perspectives, challenges and solutions. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(4), 240-255. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i04.14125</p>
							<p>Apriani, E., Supardan, D., &amp; Umami, M. (2020, November 1). Independent learning: English teachers’ problems in designing a good lesson plan in new normal era at MAN Rejang Lebong [Paper presentation]. International Conference on the Teaching English and Literature, Bengkulu, Indonesia.</p>
							<p>Arkkelin, D. (2014). Using SPSS to understand research and data analysis. Psychology Curricular Materials. http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=psych_oer</p>
							<p>Asabere, N. Y. &amp; Enguah, S. E. (2012). Integration of expert systems in mobile learning. Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 2(1), 55–61.</p>
							<p>Bingimlas, K. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science &amp; Technology Education, 5(3), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75275</p>
							<p>Buabeng-Andoh, C., &amp; Issifu, Y. (2015). Implementation of ICT in learning: A study of students in Ghanaian secondary schools. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1282-1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.555</p>
							<p>Cabrera-Solano, P., Quinonez-Beltran, A., Gonzalez-Torres, P., Ochoa-Cueva, C. &amp; Castillo-Cuesta, L. (2020). Enhancing EFL students’ active learning by using ‘Formative’ on mobile devices. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(13), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i13.13975</p>
							<p>Çakici, D. (2016). The use of ICT in teaching English as a foreign language. Participatory Educational Research (PER), 4(2), 73-77.</p>
							<p>Collins, C., Kenway, J., &amp; McLeod, J. (2000). Factors influencing the educational performance of males and females in school and their initial destinations after leaving school. Commonwealth of Australia.</p>
							<p>Creswell, J. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Merrill Prentice Hall.</p>
							<p>Donnelly, D., McGarr, O., &amp; O’Reilly, J. (2011). A framework for teachers’ integration of ICT into their classroom practice. Computers and Education, 57(2), 1469–1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.02.014</p>
							<p>Dörnyei, Z., Csizér, K., &amp; Németh, N. (2006). Motivational dynamics, language attitudes and language globalisation: A Hungarian perspective. Multilingual Matters.</p>
							<p>Ekanayake, T. M. S. S. K. Y., &amp; Wishart, J. (2011). Investigating the possibility of using mobile phones for science teaching and learning: Is it a viable option for Sri Lanka. International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education (IJCDSE), 2(2), 372-380. https://doi.org/10.20533/ijcdse.2042.6364.2011.0052</p>
							<p>Gusmuliana, P., Apriani, E., &amp; Karolina, A. (2020). Islamic Fefac as an interesting learning media to improve student’s English ability and develop their character values in MAN Rejang Lebong. Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Pendidikan UNIB, 01(01), 36-44.</p>
							<p>Halpern, J. Y. (1986). Reasoning about knowledge: An overview. In J. Y. Halpern (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1986 Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge (pp. 1-18). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.</p>
							<p>Hartono. (2012). ICT information &amp; communication technology in language learning. Pelita Insani.</p>
							<p>Houcine, S. (2011). The effects of ICT on learning/teaching in a foreign language [Paper presentation]. The International Conference “ICT for Language Learning” 4th Edition, Florence, Italy. https://conference.pixel-online.net/conferences/ICT4LL2011/common/download/Paper_pdf/IBL69-437-FP-Houcine-ICT4LL2011.pdf</p>
							<p>Iqbal, S., &amp; Bhatti, Z. A. (2015). An investigation of university student readiness towards m-learning using technology acceptance model. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(4), 83-103. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i4.2351</p>
							<p>Javid, M., Arif, U., &amp; Qayyum, A. (2012). Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty. Academic Research International, 2(1), 433-447.</p>
							<p>Jayanthi, N. S. &amp; Kumar, R. V. (2016). Use of ICT in English language teaching and learning. Journal of English Language and Literature, 3(2), 34-38.</p>
							<p>Jia, G. J. (1996). Psychology of education. Guangxi Education Press.</p>
							<p>Khan, S. A., Bhatti, R., &amp; Khan, A. A. (2011). Use of ICT by students: A survey of faculty of education at IUB. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1.</p>
							<p>Kopcha, T. J. (2012). Teachers’ perceptions of the barriers to technology integration and practices with technology under situated professional development. Computers and Education, 59(4), 1109-1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.05.014</p>
							<p>Lai, C. C., &amp; Kuo, M. M. (2007, March 26). Gender differences in CALL programs for English as a second language acquisition. In R. Carlsen, K. McFerrin, J. Price, R. Weber, &amp; D. A. Willis (Eds.), SITE 2007 - Society for Information Technology &amp; Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 2833-2836). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).</p>
							<p>Logan, S., &amp; Johnston, R. (2009). Gender differences in reading ability and attitude: Examining where these differences lie. Journal of Research in Reading, 32(2), 129-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2008.01389.x</p>
							<p>MacCallum, K., Jeffrey, L., &amp; Kinshuk, N. A. (2014). Factors impacting teachers’ adoption of mobile learning. Journal of Information Technology Education, 13, 141-162.</p>
							<p>Macleod, H., Haywood, D., Haywood, J., &amp; Anderson, C. (2002). Gender &amp; information &amp; communications technology-A 10 year study of new undergraduates. TechTrends, 46(6), 11-15.</p>
							<p>Mahdi, H. S., &amp; Al-Dera, A. S. A. (2013). The impact of teachers’ age, gender and experience on the use of information and communication technology in EFL teaching. English Language Teaching, 6(6), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n6p57</p>
							<p>Manangsa, V, A., Gusmuliana, P., &amp; Apriani, E. (2020). Teaching English by using andragogy approach for EFL students. Teaching English by Using Andragogy Approach for EFL Students, 4(03), 386-400. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.4.3.386-400</p>
							<p>Mori, S., &amp; Gobel, P. (2006). Motivation and gender in the Japanese EFL classroom. System, 34, 194-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2005.11.002</p>
							<p>Ning, H., Dai, X., &amp; Zhang, F. (2010). On gender difference in English language and its causes. Asian Social Science, 6(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v6n2p126</p>
							<p>Octaberlina, L. R., &amp; Muslimin, A. I. (2020). EFL students’ perspective towards online learning barriers and alternatives using Moodle/Google classroom during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p1</p>
							<p>Pardede, P. (2020). Secondary school EFL teachers’ perception of ICT use in learning and teaching: A case study in Greater Jakarta. Journal of English Teaching, 6(2), 144-157.</p>
							<p>Sanjaya, H. K., Apriani, E., &amp; Edy, S. (2020). Using web blog for EFL students in writing class. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 4(04), 516-535. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.4.4.516-535</p>
							<p>Sanyal, B. C. (2001, September 10-12). New functions of higher education and ICT to achieve education for all [Paper presentation]. University and Technology-for-Literacy/Basic Education Partnership in Developing Countries, Paris, France.</p>
							<p>Schoepp, K., &amp; Erogul, M. S. (2001). Turkish EFL student’s utilization of information. TEFL Web Journal. 1(1), 14.</p>
							<p>Seliaman, M. E., &amp; Al-Turki, M. S. (2012). Mobile learning adoption in Saudi Arabia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69(9), 293–391.</p>
							<p>Speer, S. A. (2002). Sexist talk: Gender categories, participant’ orientations and irony. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(3), 347-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00192</p>
							<p>Siddiquah, A., &amp; Salim, Z. (2017). The ICT facilities, skills, usage, and the problems faced by the students of higher education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8), 4987-4994. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00977a</p>
							<p>Snoeyink, R., &amp; Ertmer, P. (2001). Thrust into technology: How veteran teachers respond. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 30(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.2190/YDL7-XH09-RLJ6-MTP1</p>
							<p>Soler, E. A. (2002). Relationship between teacher-led versus learners’ interaction and the development of pragmatics in the EFL classroom. International Journal of Educational Research. 37(3), 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(03)00010-7</p>
							<p>Swiatek, M. A., &amp; Lupkowski-Shoplik, A. E. (2000). Gender differences in academic attitudes among gifted elementary school students. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 23(4), 360-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320002300403</p>
							<p>Syafryadin, S., Pratiwi, V. U., &amp; Wardhana, D. E. C. (2021). Pre-service English teachers’ experience with various CALL applications: Hindrances and reflection. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17609</p>
							<p>Volman, M., van Eck, E., Heemskerk, I., &amp; Kuiper, E. (2005). New technologies, new differences. Gender and ethnic differences in pupils’ use of ICT in primary and secondary education. Computers &amp; Education, 45(1), 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.03.001</p>
							<p>Wachira, P. &amp; Keengwe, J. (2011). Technology integration barriers: Urban school mathematics teachers’ perspectives. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 20(1), 17–25.</p>
					</div>
		<br />
		</div>
	
							<br />
		<br />
		DOI: <a id="pub-id::doi" href="https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.21089">https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.21089</a>																				


<div class="separator"></div>

<h3>Refbacks</h3>

<ul>
				<li>There are currently no refbacks.</li>
	</ul>

		
<!-- Google Analytics -->

<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

ga('create', 'UA-96930724-1', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');

</script>

<!-- End Google Analytics -->
<br /><br />
<p><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;"><strong>Print ISSN</strong></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;">: 2355-2794, </span><strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;"><strong>Online ISSN</strong></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;">: 2461-0275</span></p><p><img src="/public/site/images/sielle/88x31.png" alt="" /></p><p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[
var sc_project=11604020; 
var sc_invisible=0; 
var sc_security="2d7b4e0c"; 
var scJsHost = "https://";
document.write("<sc"+"ript type='text/javascript' src='" +
scJsHost+
"statcounter.com/counter/counter.js'></"+"script>");
// ]]></script><noscript>&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;div class="statcounter"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a title="Web Analytics" href="https://statcounter.com/" target="_blank"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;img class="statcounter" src="https://c.statcounter.com/11604020/0/2d7b4e0c/0/" alt="Web Analytics"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/div&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;</noscript>
</div><!-- content -->
</div><!-- main -->
</div><!-- body -->



</div> <!-- container -->
</body>
</html>